MongoDB CRUD

1. Create (Insert)

The insertOne or insertMany method is used to add documents to a MongoDB collection.

Mongo Shell

use testdb;

db.users.insertOne({
  name: "John Doe",
  email: "john.doe@example.com",
  age: 30,
  active: true
});

Examples by language:

JavaScript (Node.js)

const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');
const uri = "mongodb://localhost:27017";
const client = new MongoClient(uri);

async function createDocument() {
    const database = client.db("testdb");
    const collection = database.collection("users");
    const result = await collection.insertOne({
        name: "John Doe",
        email: "john.doe@example.com",
        age: 30,
        active: true
    });
    console.log("Inserted Document:", result.insertedId);
}
createDocument().catch(console.error);

Python

from pymongo import MongoClient

client = MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
db = client.testdb
collection = db.users

document = {
    "name": "John Doe",
    "email": "john.doe@example.com",
    "age": 30,
    "active": True
}

result = collection.insert_one(document)
print("Inserted Document ID:", result.inserted_id)

Java

import com.mongodb.client.MongoClients;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import org.bson.Document;

public class MongoDBInsert {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create("mongodb://localhost:27017");
        MongoDatabase database = mongoClient.getDatabase("testdb");
        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("users");

        Document document = new Document("name", "John Doe")
                .append("email", "john.doe@example.com")
                .append("age", 30)
                .append("active", true);

        collection.insertOne(document);
        System.out.println("Document inserted successfully");
    }
}

Go

package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"time"

	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson"
	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo"
	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options"
)

func main() {
	client, err := mongo.NewClient(options.Client().ApplyURI("mongodb://localhost:27017"))
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	err = client.Connect(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	collection := client.Database("testdb").Collection("users")
	document := bson.D{
		{"name", "John Doe"},
		{"email", "john.doe@example.com"},
		{"age", 30},
		{"active", true},
	}

	result, err := collection.InsertOne(ctx, document)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	fmt.Println("Inserted Document ID:", result.InsertedID)
}

2. Read (Retrieve)

The find method retrieves documents from a collection.

Mongo Shell

db.users.find({ active: true }).pretty();

Examples by language:

JavaScript (Node.js)

async function readDocuments() {
    const database = client.db("testdb");
    const collection = database.collection("users");
    const documents = await collection.find({ active: true }).toArray();
    console.log("Documents:", documents);
}
readDocuments().catch(console.error);

Python

documents = collection.find({"active": True})
for doc in documents:
    print(doc)

Java

for (Document doc : collection.find(new Document("active", true))) {
    System.out.println(doc.toJson());
}

Go

cursor, err := collection.Find(ctx, bson.M{"active": true})
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
defer cursor.Close(ctx)

for cursor.Next(ctx) {
    var result bson.M
    if err = cursor.Decode(&result); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(result)
}

3. Update

The updateOne or updateMany method modifies existing documents.

Mongo Shell

db.users.updateOne(
  { email: "john.doe@example.com" },
  { $set: { active: false } }
);

Examples by language:

JavaScript (Node.js)

async function updateDocument() {
    const database = client.db("testdb");
    const collection = database.collection("users");
    const result = await collection.updateOne(
        { email: "john.doe@example.com" },
        { $set: { active: false } }
    );
    console.log("Matched Count:", result.matchedCount);
}
updateDocument().catch(console.error);

Python

result = collection.update_one(
    {"email": "john.doe@example.com"},
    {"$set": {"active": False}}
)
print("Matched Count:", result.matched_count)

Java

collection.updateOne(
    new Document("email", "john.doe@example.com"),
    new Document("$set", new Document("active", false))
);

Go

_, err = collection.UpdateOne(
    ctx,
    bson.M{"email": "john.doe@example.com"},
    bson.M{"$set": bson.M{"active": false}},
)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

4. Delete

The deleteOne or deleteMany method removes documents from a collection.

Mongo Shell

db.users.deleteOne({ email: "john.doe@example.com" });

Examples by language:

JavaScript (Node.js)

async function deleteDocument() {
    const database = client.db("testdb");
    const collection = database.collection("users");
    const result = await collection.deleteOne({ email: "john.doe@example.com" });
    console.log("Deleted Count:", result.deletedCount);
}
deleteDocument().catch(console.error);

Python

result = collection.delete_one({"email": "john.doe@example.com"})
print("Deleted Count:", result.deleted_count)

Java

collection.deleteOne(new Document("email", "john.doe@example.com"));

Go

_, err = collection.DeleteOne(ctx, bson.M{"email": "john.doe@example.com"})
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

Notable libraries and example projects

Explore key tools and real-world examples for building CRUD applications with MongoDB:

• MongoDB Python Driver - Official Python driver for MongoDB
• Spring Boot MongoDB React Java CRUD - Full-stack CRUD application with Spring Boot, MongoDB, and React
• NodeJS MongoDB CRUD Application - Example of CRUD operations using Node.js and MongoDB
• NestJS GraphQL Best Practice - CRUD API example using NestJS and GraphQL with MongoDB support